linux中最最常见的命令ls详解：
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参数： -a：全部的文件，连同隐藏文件(开头为 . 的文件)一起列出来； -d：仅列出目录本身，而不是列出目录内的文件数据； -l ：列出长数据串，包含文件的属性与权限等数据； -A：列出全部文件(连同隐藏文件，但是不包括 . 与 .. 这两个目录)； -f ：直接列出结果，而不进行排序(ls默认会以文件名排序)； -F：根据文件、目录等信息给与附加数据结构，如 *：代表可执行文件； /：代表目录； =：代表socker文件； |：代表FIFC文件； -h：将文件容量以(GB,KB)等易读方式列出来； -i ：列出inode号码； -n：列出uid与gid，而非用户组名称； -r ：将顺序结果反向输出； -R：连同子目录内容一同列出，相当于目录下所有文件都会显示； -S：以文件容量大小排序，而不是以文件名； -t ：以时间排序，而表示以文件名； --color=never ：不要依据文件特性给予颜色显示； --color=always：显示颜色； --color=auto ：让系统自行依据设置来判断是否给予颜色； --full-time ：以完整时间模式(包含年、月、日、时、分)输出； --time-{atime,ctime} ：将输出访问时间或改变权限属性时间(ctime)，而非内容更改时间(modification time)； [root@Byrd var]# ls -al drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 local //全部文件以长数据显示； [root@Byrd var]# ls -alF drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 local/ //以长数据显示，且显示数据结构 [root@Byrd var]# ls -al --color=auto //列出全部目录，且系统依据设置自动判断颜色； [root@Byrd var]# ls -al --full-time //显示文件时间； [root@Byrd var]# ls –alR //显示/var目录下的所有文件夹以及文件； |
Man 参数：
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-a, --all do not ignore entries starting with . -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and .. --author with -l, print the author of each file -b, --escape print octal escapes for nongraphic characters --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks. See SIZE format below -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~ -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information) with -l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime -C list entries by columns --color[=WHEN] colorize the output. WHEN defaults to 'always' or can be 'never' or 'auto'. More info below -d, --directory list directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference symbolic links -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries --file-type likewise, except do not append '*' --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso -g like -l, but do not list owner --group-directories-first group directories before files. augment with a --sort option, but any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping -G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names -h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 -H, --dereference-command-line follow symbolic links listed on the command line --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory --hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A) --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F) -i, --inode print the index number of each file -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN -k like --block-size=1K -l use a long listing format -L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself -m fill width with a comma separated list of entries -n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs -N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially) -o like -l, but do not list group information -p, --indicator-style=slash append / indicator to directories -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters --show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal) -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape -r, --reverse reverse order while sorting -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively -s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks -S sort by file size --sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U, extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v --time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c, or status -c; use specified time as sort key if --sort=time --time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted like 'date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale -t sort by modification time -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8 -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time and sort by name otherwise: sort by access time -U do not sort; list entries in directory order -v natural sort of (version) numbers within text -w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value -x list entries by lines instead of by columns -X sort alphabetically by entry extension -1 list one file per line SELinux options: --lcontext Display security context. Enable -l. Lines will probably be too wide for most displays. -Z, --context Display security context so it fits on most displays. Displays only mode, user, group, security context and file name. --scontext Display only security context and file name. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following: KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y. Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it. Exit status: 0 if OK, 1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory), 2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument). AUTHOR Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie. |
申明：以上内容分别来自鸟哥的linux私房菜、以及centos 6.4的man ls！！！SourceByrd's Weblog-https://note.t4x.org/system/list-directory-contents/ SourceByrd's Weblog-https://note.t4x.org/system/list-directory-contents/
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