Centos6.4 磁盘分区实战篇

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vps数据盘、系统盘分区操作：

[byrd@hk ~]$ sudo bash

We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:

    #1) Respect the privacy of others.
    #2) Think before you type.
    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.

[sudo] password for byrd: 
[root@hk byrd]# 
Broadcast message from root@hk.t4x.org
	(/dev/pts/0) at 22:00 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!

Connection closed by foreign host.

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
Xshell:\> 

Connecting to 103.243.128.87:3XX97...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

Last login: Mon May  5 21:40:47 2014 from 1.1.1.1
[byrd@hk ~]$ sudo bash
[sudo] password for byrd: 
[root@hk byrd]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root: 8095 MB, 8095006720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 984 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1958, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1958, default 1958): +1G

Command (m for help): M
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): T
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 1
Changed system type of partition 1 to 1 (FAT12)

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (133-1958, default 133): 133
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (133-1958, default 1958): +7G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2             133        1047     7349737+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): t  
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 1
Partition 1 is already defined.  Delete it before re-adding it.

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 5
Value out of range.
Partition number (1-4): 2
Partition 2 is already defined.  Delete it before re-adding it.

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (1048-1958, default 1048): 
Using default value 1048
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1048-1958, default 1958): 
Using default value 1958

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2             133        1047     7349737+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3            1048        1958     7317607+   5  Extended

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Selected partition 4
No free sectors available

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x
partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional
information.
Syncing disks.
[root@hk byrd]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
459648 inodes, 1837434 blocks
91871 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1883242496
57 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8064 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@hk byrd]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb3
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
mkfs.ext4: inode_size (128) * inodes_count (0) too big for a
	filesystem with 0 blocks, specify higher inode_ratio (-i)
	or lower inode count (-N).

[root@hk byrd]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb3
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
mkfs.ext4: inode_size (128) * inodes_count (0) too big for a
	filesystem with 0 blocks, specify higher inode_ratio (-i)
	or lower inode count (-N).

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-5): 3

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2             133        1047     7349737+  8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (1048-1958, default 1048): 
Using default value 1048
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1048-1958, default 1958): 
Using default value 1958

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2             133        1047     7349737+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3            1048        1958     7317607+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@hk byrd]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb3
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
457856 inodes, 1829401 blocks
91470 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1874853888
56 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8176 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@hk byrd]# df -lh
文件系统	      容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root
                      7.5G  3.5G  3.7G  49% /
tmpfs                 249M     0  249M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             485M   32M  428M   7% /boot
[root@hk byrd]# df 
文件系统	         1K-块      已用      可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root
                       7781012   3590352   3795396  49% /
tmpfs                   254584         0    254584   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1               495844     31980    438264   7% /boot
[root@hk byrd]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2             133        1047     7349737+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3            1048        1958     7317607+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root: 8095 MB, 8095006720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 984 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@hk byrd]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb3
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
457856 inodes, 1829401 blocks
91470 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1874853888
56 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8176 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@hk byrd]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2             133        1047     7349737+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3            1048        1958     7317607+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root: 8095 MB, 8095006720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 984 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@hk byrd]# cd /dev/sda2
bash: cd: /dev/sda2: 不是目录
[root@hk byrd]# ll /dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 2 5月   5 22:01 /dev/sda2
[root@hk byrd]# partprobe
Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda (设备或资源忙).  As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_cloud
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               9.51 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2434
  Alloc PE / Size       2434 / 9.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz
   
[root@hk byrd]# df 
文件系统	         1K-块      已用      可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root
                       7781012   3590360   3795388  49% /
tmpfs                   254584         0    254584   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1               495844     31980    438264   7% /boot
[root@hk byrd]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           497        187        309          0          2        122
-/+ buffers/cache:         62        434
Swap:         2015          0       2015
[root@hk byrd]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2             133        1047     7349737+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3            1048        1958     7317607+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root: 8095 MB, 8095006720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 984 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@hk byrd]# cat /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Apr  8 00:57:21 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=63f656e2-4a3c-4b34-a59e-13358830e87b /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
[root@hk byrd]# :q
bash: :q: command not found
[root@hk byrd]# swapo
swapoff  swapon   
[root@hk byrd]# swapoff 

Usage:
 swapoff -a [-v]                      disable all swaps
 swapoff [-v] <special>               disable given swap
 swapoff -h                           display help
 swapoff -V                           display version

The <special> parameter:
 {-L label | LABEL=label}             LABEL of device to be used
 {-U uuid  | UUID=uuid}               UUID of device to be used
 <device>                             name of device to be used
 <file>                               name of file to be used

[root@hk byrd]# swapoff a
swapoff: a: swapoff failed: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@hk byrd]# swapoff /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap 
[root@hk byrd]# lvre
lvreduce  lvremove  lvrename  lvresize  
[root@hk byrd]# lvremove 
  Please enter one or more logical volume paths
  Run `lvremove --help' for more information.
[root@hk byrd]# lvremove --help
  lvremove: Remove logical volume(s) from the system

lvremove
	[-A|--autobackup y|n]
	[-d|--debug]
	[-f|--force]
	[-h|--help]
	[--noudevsync]
	[-t|--test]
	[-v|--verbose]
	[--version]
	LogicalVolume[Path] [LogicalVolume[Path]...]

[root@hk byrd]# lvremove /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap 
Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv_swap? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "lv_swap" successfully removed
[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_cloud
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               9.51 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2434
  Alloc PE / Size       1930 / 7.54 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       504 / 1.97 GiB
  VG UUID               aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz
   
[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -L 1.97G /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root 
  Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 1.97 GiB
  New size given (505 extents) not larger than existing size (1930 extents)
  Run `lvextend --help' for more information.
[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -L 2G /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root 
  New size given (512 extents) not larger than existing size (1930 extents)
  Run `lvextend --help' for more information.
[root@hk byrd]# lvextend --help
  lvextend: Add space to a logical volume

lvextend
	[-A|--autobackup y|n]
	[--alloc AllocationPolicy]
	[-d|--debug]
	[-f|--force]
	[-h|--help]
	[-i|--stripes Stripes [-I|--stripesize StripeSize]]
	{-l|--extents [+]LogicalExtentsNumber[%{VG|LV|PVS|FREE|ORIGIN}] |
	 -L|--size [+]LogicalVolumeSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE]}
	[-m|--mirrors Mirrors]
	[--nosync]
	[--use-policies]
	[-n|--nofsck]
	[--noudevsync]
	[-r|--resizefs]
	[-t|--test]
	[--type VolumeType]
	[-v|--verbose]
	[--version]
	LogicalVolume[Path] [ PhysicalVolumePath... ]

[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -L +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root 
  Invalid argument for --size: +100%FREE
  Error during parsing of command line.
[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root 
  Extending logical volume lv_root to 9.51 GiB
  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
[root@hk byrd]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_cloud/lv_root
  LV Name                lv_root
  VG Name                vg_cloud
  LV UUID                KIAvQH-uqD9-CjNo-lyjd-Znq4-xyZf-9UBjF7
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time cloud, 2013-04-08 00:56:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                9.51 GiB
  Current LE             2434
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
   
[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_cloud
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               9.51 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2434
  Alloc PE / Size       2434 / 9.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz
   
[root@hk byrd]# df -h
文件系统	      容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root
                      7.5G  3.5G  3.7G  49% /
tmpfs                 249M     0  249M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             485M   32M  428M   7% /boot
[root@hk byrd]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root 
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root to 2492416 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root is now 2492416 blocks long.

[root@hk byrd]# df -h
文件系统	      容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root
                      9.4G  3.5G  5.5G  39% /
tmpfs                 249M     0  249M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             485M   32M  428M   7% /boot
[root@hk byrd]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2             133        1047     7349737+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3            1048        1958     7317607+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root: 10.2 GB, 10208935936 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1241 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m^Hq^C
[root@hk byrd]# gfdisk /dev/sdb
bash: gfdisk: command not found
[root@hk byrd]# cfdisk /dev/sdb
Disk has been changed.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any
DOS 6.x partitions, please see the cfdisk manual
page for additional information.

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1   *           1        1959    15728608+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root: 10.2 GB, 10208935936 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1241 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@hk byrd]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 
WARNING: swap signature detected on /dev/sdb1. Wipe it? [y/n] y
  Wiping swap signature on /dev/sdb1.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@hk byrd]# pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               vg_cloud
  PV Size               9.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2434
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          2434
  PV UUID               dtK0fn-wMNW-wB8L-ueXq-H3Ad-cek9-5wCgac
   
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "15.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               15.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               rb1M7k-g0HW-lHpb-rCbx-Uz5b-tXOn-2JEx52
   
[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_cloud
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               9.51 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2434
  Alloc PE / Size       2434 / 9.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz
   
[root@hk byrd]# vgextend vg_cloud /dev/sdb1 
  Volume group "vg_cloud" successfully extended
[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_cloud
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               24.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              6273
  Alloc PE / Size       2434 / 9.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       3839 / 15.00 GiB
  VG UUID               aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz
   
[root@hk byrd]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_cloud/lv_root
  LV Name                lv_root
  VG Name                vg_cloud
  LV UUID                KIAvQH-uqD9-CjNo-lyjd-Znq4-xyZf-9UBjF7
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time cloud, 2013-04-08 00:56:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                9.51 GiB
  Current LE             2434
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
   
[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -l +14G /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root 
  Invalid argument for --extents: +14G
  Error during parsing of command line.
[root@hk byrd]# lvextend x--help
  Please specify either size or extents but not both.
  Run `lvextend --help' for more information.
[root@hk byrd]# lvextend --help
  lvextend: Add space to a logical volume

lvextend
	[-A|--autobackup y|n]
	[--alloc AllocationPolicy]
	[-d|--debug]
	[-f|--force]
	[-h|--help]
	[-i|--stripes Stripes [-I|--stripesize StripeSize]]
	{-l|--extents [+]LogicalExtentsNumber[%{VG|LV|PVS|FREE|ORIGIN}] |
	 -L|--size [+]LogicalVolumeSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE]}
	[-m|--mirrors Mirrors]
	[--nosync]
	[--use-policies]
	[-n|--nofsck]
	[--noudevsync]
	[-r|--resizefs]
	[-t|--test]
	[--type VolumeType]
	[-v|--verbose]
	[--version]
	LogicalVolume[Path] [ PhysicalVolumePath... ]

[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -L 14G /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root 
  Extending logical volume lv_root to 14.00 GiB
  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
[root@hk byrd]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_cloud/lv_root
  LV Name                lv_root
  VG Name                vg_cloud
  LV UUID                KIAvQH-uqD9-CjNo-lyjd-Znq4-xyZf-9UBjF7
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time cloud, 2013-04-08 00:56:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                14.00 GiB
  Current LE             3584
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
   
[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_cloud
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  7
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               24.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              6273
  Alloc PE / Size       3584 / 14.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       2689 / 10.50 GiB
  VG UUID               aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz
   
[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -L 23.5G /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root 
  Extending logical volume lv_root to 23.50 GiB
  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_cloud
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  8
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               24.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              6273
  Alloc PE / Size       6016 / 23.50 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       257 / 1.00 GiB
  VG UUID               aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz
   
[root@hk byrd]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_cloud/lv_root
  LV Name                lv_root
  VG Name                vg_cloud
  LV UUID                KIAvQH-uqD9-CjNo-lyjd-Znq4-xyZf-9UBjF7
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time cloud, 2013-04-08 00:56:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                23.50 GiB
  Current LE             6016
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
   
[root@hk byrd]# lvcreate --help
  lvcreate: Create a logical volume

lvcreate 
	[-A|--autobackup {y|n}]
	[-a|--activate [a|e|l]{y|n}]
	[--addtag Tag]
	[--alloc AllocationPolicy]
	[-C|--contiguous {y|n}]
	[-d|--debug]
	[-h|-?|--help]
	[--ignoremonitoring]
	[--monitor {y|n}]
	[-i|--stripes Stripes [-I|--stripesize StripeSize]]
	{-l|--extents LogicalExtentsNumber[%{VG|PVS|FREE}] |
	 -L|--size LogicalVolumeSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE]}
	[-M|--persistent {y|n}] [--major major] [--minor minor]
	[-m|--mirrors Mirrors [--nosync] [{--mirrorlog {disk|core|mirrored}|--corelog}]]
	[-n|--name LogicalVolumeName]
	[--noudevsync]
	[-p|--permission {r|rw}]
	[-r|--readahead ReadAheadSectors|auto|none]
	[-R|--regionsize MirrorLogRegionSize]
	[-T|--thin  [-c|--chunksize  ChunkSize]
	  [--discards {ignore|nopassdown|passdown}]
	  [--poolmetadatasize MetadataSize[bBsSkKmMgG]]]
	[--thinpool ThinPoolLogicalVolume{Name|Path}]
	[-t|--test]
	[--type VolumeType]
	[-v|--verbose]
	[-Z|--zero {y|n}]
	[--version]
	VolumeGroupName [PhysicalVolumePath...]

lvcreate 
	{ {-s|--snapshot} OriginalLogicalVolume[Path] |
	  [-s|--snapshot] VolumeGroupName[Path] -V|--virtualsize VirtualSize}
	  {-T|--thin} VolumeGroupName[Path][/PoolLogicalVolume] 
	              -V|--virtualsize VirtualSize}
	[-c|--chunksize]
	[-A|--autobackup {y|n}]
	[--addtag Tag]
	[--alloc AllocationPolicy]
	[-C|--contiguous {y|n}]
	[-d|--debug]
	[--discards {ignore|nopassdown|passdown}]
	[-h|-?|--help]
	[--ignoremonitoring]
	[--monitor {y|n}]
	[-i|--stripes Stripes [-I|--stripesize StripeSize]]
	{-l|--extents LogicalExtentsNumber[%{VG|FREE|ORIGIN}] |
	 -L|--size LogicalVolumeSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE]}
	[--poolmetadatasize Size[bBsSkKmMgG]]
	[-M|--persistent {y|n}] [--major major] [--minor minor]
	[-n|--name LogicalVolumeName]
	[--noudevsync]
	[-p|--permission {r|rw}]
	[-r|--readahead ReadAheadSectors|auto|none]
	[-t|--test]
	[--thinpool ThinPoolLogicalVolume[Path]]
	[-v|--verbose]
	[--version]
	[PhysicalVolumePath...]


[root@hk byrd]# lvcreate -l +100%FREE -Cy vg_cloud lv_swap
  Physical Volume "lv_swap" not found in Volume Group "vg_cloud"
[root@hk byrd]# lvcreate -l +100%FREE -Cy vg_cloud -n lv_swap
  Logical volume "lv_swap" created
[root@hk byrd]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_cloud/lv_root
  LV Name                lv_root
  VG Name                vg_cloud
  LV UUID                KIAvQH-uqD9-CjNo-lyjd-Znq4-xyZf-9UBjF7
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time cloud, 2013-04-08 00:56:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                23.50 GiB
  Current LE             6016
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_cloud/lv_swap
  LV Name                lv_swap
  VG Name                vg_cloud
  LV UUID                eLmu4B-2g3P-bM90-b0wO-UJyW-LNF1-N3Wl2l
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time hk.t4x.org, 2014-05-05 22:44:40 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                1.00 GiB
  Current LE             257
  Segments               1
  Allocation             contiguous
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:1
   
[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_cloud
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  9
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               24.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              6273
  Alloc PE / Size       6273 / 24.50 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz
   
[root@hk byrd]# vim /etc/fstab 
[root@hk byrd]# swapon /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap 
swapon: /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap: read swap header failed: 无效的参数
[root@hk byrd]# mkswap /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap 
mkswap: /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap: warning: don't erase bootbits sectors
        on whole disk. Use -f to force.
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1052668 KiB
no label, UUID=9664825a-ab76-488f-b7f3-fa95159dbaa1
[root@hk byrd]# swapon /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap 
[root@hk byrd]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           497        196        301          0          7        126
-/+ buffers/cache:         62        435
Swap:         1027          0       1027
[root@hk byrd]# df -h
文件系统	      容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root
                      9.4G  3.5G  5.5G  39% /
tmpfs                 249M     0  249M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             485M   32M  428M   7% /boot
[root@hk byrd]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           497        196        301          0          7        126
-/+ buffers/cache:         62        435
Swap:         1027          0       1027
[root@hk byrd]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root 
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root to 6160384 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root is now 6160384 blocks long.

[root@hk byrd]# df -h\
> ^C
[root@hk byrd]# df -h
文件系统	      容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root
                       24G  3.5G   19G  16% /
tmpfs                 249M     0  249M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             485M   32M  428M   7% /boot
[root@hk byrd]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           497        200        296          0         11        126
-/+ buffers/cache:         62        434
Swap:         1027          0       1027
[root@hk byrd]# watch -n 1 -d date
[root@hk byrd]#

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[byrd@hk ~]$ sudo bash

We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System

Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:

#1) Respect the privacy of others.

#2) Think before you type.

#3) With great power comes great responsibility.

[sudo] password for byrd:

[root@hk byrd]#

Broadcast message from root@hk.t4x.org

(/dev/pts/0) at 22:00 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!

Connection closed by foreign host.

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

Xshell:\>

Connecting to 103.243.128.87:3XX97...

Connection established.

To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

Last login: Mon May 5 21:40:47 2014 from 1.1.1.1

[byrd@hk ~]$ sudo bash

[sudo] password for byrd:

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 64 1306 9972736 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root: 8095 MB, 8095006720 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 984 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-1958, default 1): 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1958, default 1958): +1G

Command (m for help): M

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): T

Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list codes): 1

Changed system type of partition 1 to 1 (FAT12)

Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4): 2

First cylinder (133-1958, default 133): 133

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (133-1958, default 1958): +7G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb2 133 1047 7349737+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 2

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4): 1

Partition 1 is already defined. Delete it before re-adding it.

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4): 5

Value out of range.

Partition number (1-4): 2

Partition 2 is already defined. Delete it before re-adding it.

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4): 3

First cylinder (1048-1958, default 1048):

Using default value 1048

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1048-1958, default 1958):

Using default value 1958

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb2 133 1047 7349737+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb3 1048 1958 7317607+ 5 Extended

Command (m for help): n

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

Selected partition 4

No free sectors available

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x

partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional

information.

Syncing disks.

[root@hk byrd]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb2

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系统标签=

操作系统:Linux

块大小=4096 (log=2)

分块大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

459648 inodes, 1837434 blocks

91871 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一个数据块=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=1883242496

57 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8064 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

正在写入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@hk byrd]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb3

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

mkfs.ext4: inode_size (128) * inodes_count (0) too big for a

filesystem with 0 blocks, specify higher inode_ratio (-i)

or lower inode count (-N).

[root@hk byrd]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb3

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

mkfs.ext4: inode_size (128) * inodes_count (0) too big for a

filesystem with 0 blocks, specify higher inode_ratio (-i)

or lower inode count (-N).

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1-5): 3

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb2 133 1047 7349737+ 8e Linux LVM

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4): 3

First cylinder (1048-1958, default 1048):

Using default value 1048

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1048-1958, default 1958):

Using default value 1958

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb2 133 1047 7349737+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb3 1048 1958 7317607+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@hk byrd]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb3

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系统标签=

操作系统:Linux

块大小=4096 (log=2)

分块大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

457856 inodes, 1829401 blocks

91470 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一个数据块=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=1874853888

56 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8176 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

正在写入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@hk byrd]# df -lh

文件系统容量已用可用已用%% 挂载点

/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

7.5G 3.5G 3.7G 49% /

tmpfs 249M 0 249M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot

[root@hk byrd]# df

文件系统 1K-块已用可用已用% 挂载点

/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

7781012 3590352 3795396 49% /

tmpfs 254584 0 254584 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 495844 31980 438264 7% /boot

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 64 1306 9972736 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb2 133 1047 7349737+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb3 1048 1958 7317607+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root: 8095 MB, 8095006720 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 984 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 3

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@hk byrd]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb3

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系统标签=

操作系统:Linux

块大小=4096 (log=2)

分块大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

457856 inodes, 1829401 blocks

91470 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一个数据块=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=1874853888

56 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8176 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

正在写入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 64 1306 9972736 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb2 133 1047 7349737+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb3 1048 1958 7317607+ 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root: 8095 MB, 8095006720 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 984 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@hk byrd]# cd /dev/sda2

bash: cd: /dev/sda2: 不是目录

[root@hk byrd]# ll /dev/sda2

brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 2 5月 5 22:01 /dev/sda2

[root@hk byrd]# partprobe

Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda (设备或资源忙). As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.

[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name vg_cloud

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 1

Metadata Sequence No 3

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 2

Open LV 2

Max PV 0

Cur PV 1

Act PV 1

VG Size 9.51 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 2434

Alloc PE / Size 2434 / 9.51 GiB

Free PE / Size 0 / 0

VG UUID aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz

[root@hk byrd]# df

文件系统 1K-块已用可用已用% 挂载点

/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

7781012 3590360 3795388 49% /

tmpfs 254584 0 254584 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 495844 31980 438264 7% /boot

[root@hk byrd]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 497 187 309 0 2 122

-/+ buffers/cache: 62 434

Swap: 2015 0 2015

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 64 1306 9972736 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb2 133 1047 7349737+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb3 1048 1958 7317607+ 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root: 8095 MB, 8095006720 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 984 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@hk byrd]# cat /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Mon Apr 8 00:57:21 2013

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1

UUID=63f656e2-4a3c-4b34-a59e-13358830e87b /boot ext4 defaults 1 2

/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

[root@hk byrd]# :q

bash: :q: command not found

[root@hk byrd]# swapo

swapoff swapon

[root@hk byrd]# swapoff

Usage:

swapoff -a [-v] disable all swaps

swapoff [-v] <special> disable given swap

swapoff -h display help

swapoff -V display version

The <special> parameter:

{-L label | LABEL=label} LABEL of device to be used

{-U uuid | UUID=uuid} UUID of device to be used

<device> name of device to be used

<file> name of file to be used

[root@hk byrd]# swapoff a

swapoff: a: swapoff failed: 没有那个文件或目录

[root@hk byrd]# swapoff /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap

[root@hk byrd]# lvre

lvreduce lvremove lvrename lvresize

[root@hk byrd]# lvremove

Please enter one or more logical volume paths

Run `lvremove --help' for more information.

[root@hk byrd]# lvremove --help

lvremove: Remove logical volume(s) from the system

lvremove

[-A|--autobackup y|n]

[-d|--debug]

[-f|--force]

[-h|--help]

[--noudevsync]

[-t|--test]

[-v|--verbose]

[--version]

LogicalVolume[Path] [LogicalVolume[Path]...]

[root@hk byrd]# lvremove /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap

Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv_swap? [y/n]: y

Logical volume "lv_swap" successfully removed

[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name vg_cloud

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 1

Metadata Sequence No 4

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 1

Open LV 1

Max PV 0

Cur PV 1

Act PV 1

VG Size 9.51 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 2434

Alloc PE / Size 1930 / 7.54 GiB

Free PE / Size 504 / 1.97 GiB

VG UUID aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz

[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -L 1.97G /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 1.97 GiB

New size given (505 extents) not larger than existing size (1930 extents)

Run `lvextend --help' for more information.

[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -L 2G /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

New size given (512 extents) not larger than existing size (1930 extents)

Run `lvextend --help' for more information.

[root@hk byrd]# lvextend --help

lvextend: Add space to a logical volume

lvextend

[-A|--autobackup y|n]

[--alloc AllocationPolicy]

[-d|--debug]

[-f|--force]

[-h|--help]

[-i|--stripes Stripes [-I|--stripesize StripeSize]]

{-l|--extents [+]LogicalExtentsNumber[%{VG|LV|PVS|FREE|ORIGIN}] |

-L|--size [+]LogicalVolumeSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE]}

[-m|--mirrors Mirrors]

[--nosync]

[--use-policies]

[-n|--nofsck]

[--noudevsync]

[-r|--resizefs]

[-t|--test]

[--type VolumeType]

[-v|--verbose]

[--version]

LogicalVolume[Path] [ PhysicalVolumePath... ]

[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -L +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

Invalid argument for --size: +100%FREE

Error during parsing of command line.

[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

Extending logical volume lv_root to 9.51 GiB

Logical volume lv_root successfully resized

[root@hk byrd]# lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/vg_cloud/lv_root

LV Name lv_root

VG Name vg_cloud

LV UUID KIAvQH-uqD9-CjNo-lyjd-Znq4-xyZf-9UBjF7

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time cloud, 2013-04-08 00:56:35 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size 9.51 GiB

Current LE 2434

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:0

[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name vg_cloud

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 1

Metadata Sequence No 5

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 1

Open LV 1

Max PV 0

Cur PV 1

Act PV 1

VG Size 9.51 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 2434

Alloc PE / Size 2434 / 9.51 GiB

Free PE / Size 0 / 0

VG UUID aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz

[root@hk byrd]# df -h

文件系统容量已用可用已用%% 挂载点

/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

7.5G 3.5G 3.7G 49% /

tmpfs 249M 0 249M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot

[root@hk byrd]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root to 2492416 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root is now 2492416 blocks long.

[root@hk byrd]# df -h

文件系统容量已用可用已用%% 挂载点

/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

9.4G 3.5G 5.5G 39% /

tmpfs 249M 0 249M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 64 1306 9972736 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb2 133 1047 7349737+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb3 1048 1958 7317607+ 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root: 10.2 GB, 10208935936 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1241 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m^Hq^C

[root@hk byrd]# gfdisk /dev/sdb

bash: gfdisk: command not found

[root@hk byrd]# cfdisk /dev/sdb

Disk has been changed.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any

DOS 6.x partitions, please see the cfdisk manual

page for additional information.

[root@hk byrd]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 64 1306 9972736 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcbc85cc2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 * 1 1959 15728608+ 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root: 10.2 GB, 10208935936 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1241 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@hk byrd]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1

WARNING: swap signature detected on /dev/sdb1. Wipe it? [y/n] y

Wiping swap signature on /dev/sdb1.

Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

[root@hk byrd]# pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda2

VG Name vg_cloud

PV Size 9.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB

Allocatable yes (but full)

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 2434

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 2434

PV UUID dtK0fn-wMNW-wB8L-ueXq-H3Ad-cek9-5wCgac

"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "15.00 GiB"

--- NEW Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sdb1

VG Name

PV Size 15.00 GiB

Allocatable NO

PE Size 0

Total PE 0

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID rb1M7k-g0HW-lHpb-rCbx-Uz5b-tXOn-2JEx52

[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name vg_cloud

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 1

Metadata Sequence No 5

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 1

Open LV 1

Max PV 0

Cur PV 1

Act PV 1

VG Size 9.51 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 2434

Alloc PE / Size 2434 / 9.51 GiB

Free PE / Size 0 / 0

VG UUID aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz

[root@hk byrd]# vgextend vg_cloud /dev/sdb1

Volume group "vg_cloud" successfully extended

[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name vg_cloud

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 2

Metadata Sequence No 6

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 1

Open LV 1

Max PV 0

Cur PV 2

Act PV 2

VG Size 24.50 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 6273

Alloc PE / Size 2434 / 9.51 GiB

Free PE / Size 3839 / 15.00 GiB

VG UUID aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz

[root@hk byrd]# lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/vg_cloud/lv_root

LV Name lv_root

VG Name vg_cloud

LV UUID KIAvQH-uqD9-CjNo-lyjd-Znq4-xyZf-9UBjF7

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time cloud, 2013-04-08 00:56:35 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size 9.51 GiB

Current LE 2434

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:0

[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -l +14G /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

Invalid argument for --extents: +14G

Error during parsing of command line.

[root@hk byrd]# lvextend x--help

Please specify either size or extents but not both.

Run `lvextend --help' for more information.

[root@hk byrd]# lvextend --help

lvextend: Add space to a logical volume

lvextend

[-A|--autobackup y|n]

[--alloc AllocationPolicy]

[-d|--debug]

[-f|--force]

[-h|--help]

[-i|--stripes Stripes [-I|--stripesize StripeSize]]

{-l|--extents [+]LogicalExtentsNumber[%{VG|LV|PVS|FREE|ORIGIN}] |

-L|--size [+]LogicalVolumeSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE]}

[-m|--mirrors Mirrors]

[--nosync]

[--use-policies]

[-n|--nofsck]

[--noudevsync]

[-r|--resizefs]

[-t|--test]

[--type VolumeType]

[-v|--verbose]

[--version]

LogicalVolume[Path] [ PhysicalVolumePath... ]

[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -L 14G /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

Extending logical volume lv_root to 14.00 GiB

Logical volume lv_root successfully resized

[root@hk byrd]# lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/vg_cloud/lv_root

LV Name lv_root

VG Name vg_cloud

LV UUID KIAvQH-uqD9-CjNo-lyjd-Znq4-xyZf-9UBjF7

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time cloud, 2013-04-08 00:56:35 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size 14.00 GiB

Current LE 3584

Segments 2

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:0

[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name vg_cloud

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 2

Metadata Sequence No 7

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 1

Open LV 1

Max PV 0

Cur PV 2

Act PV 2

VG Size 24.50 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 6273

Alloc PE / Size 3584 / 14.00 GiB

Free PE / Size 2689 / 10.50 GiB

VG UUID aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz

[root@hk byrd]# lvextend -L 23.5G /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

Extending logical volume lv_root to 23.50 GiB

Logical volume lv_root successfully resized

[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name vg_cloud

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 2

Metadata Sequence No 8

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 1

Open LV 1

Max PV 0

Cur PV 2

Act PV 2

VG Size 24.50 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 6273

Alloc PE / Size 6016 / 23.50 GiB

Free PE / Size 257 / 1.00 GiB

VG UUID aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz

[root@hk byrd]# lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/vg_cloud/lv_root

LV Name lv_root

VG Name vg_cloud

LV UUID KIAvQH-uqD9-CjNo-lyjd-Znq4-xyZf-9UBjF7

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time cloud, 2013-04-08 00:56:35 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size 23.50 GiB

Current LE 6016

Segments 2

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:0

[root@hk byrd]# lvcreate --help

lvcreate: Create a logical volume

lvcreate

[-A|--autobackup {y|n}]

[-a|--activate [a|e|l]{y|n}]

[--addtag Tag]

[--alloc AllocationPolicy]

[-C|--contiguous {y|n}]

[-d|--debug]

[-h|-?|--help]

[--ignoremonitoring]

[--monitor {y|n}]

[-i|--stripes Stripes [-I|--stripesize StripeSize]]

{-l|--extents LogicalExtentsNumber[%{VG|PVS|FREE}] |

-L|--size LogicalVolumeSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE]}

[-M|--persistent {y|n}] [--major major] [--minor minor]

[-m|--mirrors Mirrors [--nosync] [{--mirrorlog {disk|core|mirrored}|--corelog}]]

[-n|--name LogicalVolumeName]

[--noudevsync]

[-p|--permission {r|rw}]

[-r|--readahead ReadAheadSectors|auto|none]

[-R|--regionsize MirrorLogRegionSize]

[-T|--thin [-c|--chunksize ChunkSize]

[--discards {ignore|nopassdown|passdown}]

[--poolmetadatasize MetadataSize[bBsSkKmMgG]]]

[--thinpool ThinPoolLogicalVolume{Name|Path}]

[-t|--test]

[--type VolumeType]

[-v|--verbose]

[-Z|--zero {y|n}]

[--version]

VolumeGroupName [PhysicalVolumePath...]

lvcreate

{ {-s|--snapshot} OriginalLogicalVolume[Path] |

[-s|--snapshot] VolumeGroupName[Path] -V|--virtualsize VirtualSize}

{-T|--thin} VolumeGroupName[Path][/PoolLogicalVolume]

-V|--virtualsize VirtualSize}

[-c|--chunksize]

[-A|--autobackup {y|n}]

[--addtag Tag]

[--alloc AllocationPolicy]

[-C|--contiguous {y|n}]

[-d|--debug]

[--discards {ignore|nopassdown|passdown}]

[-h|-?|--help]

[--ignoremonitoring]

[--monitor {y|n}]

[-i|--stripes Stripes [-I|--stripesize StripeSize]]

{-l|--extents LogicalExtentsNumber[%{VG|FREE|ORIGIN}] |

-L|--size LogicalVolumeSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE]}

[--poolmetadatasize Size[bBsSkKmMgG]]

[-M|--persistent {y|n}] [--major major] [--minor minor]

[-n|--name LogicalVolumeName]

[--noudevsync]

[-p|--permission {r|rw}]

[-r|--readahead ReadAheadSectors|auto|none]

[-t|--test]

[--thinpool ThinPoolLogicalVolume[Path]]

[-v|--verbose]

[--version]

[PhysicalVolumePath...]

[root@hk byrd]# lvcreate -l +100%FREE -Cy vg_cloud lv_swap

Physical Volume "lv_swap" not found in Volume Group "vg_cloud"

[root@hk byrd]# lvcreate -l +100%FREE -Cy vg_cloud -n lv_swap

Logical volume "lv_swap" created

[root@hk byrd]# lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/vg_cloud/lv_root

LV Name lv_root

VG Name vg_cloud

LV UUID KIAvQH-uqD9-CjNo-lyjd-Znq4-xyZf-9UBjF7

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time cloud, 2013-04-08 00:56:35 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size 23.50 GiB

Current LE 6016

Segments 2

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:0

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/vg_cloud/lv_swap

LV Name lv_swap

VG Name vg_cloud

LV UUID eLmu4B-2g3P-bM90-b0wO-UJyW-LNF1-N3Wl2l

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time hk.t4x.org, 2014-05-05 22:44:40 +0800

LV Status available

# open 0

LV Size 1.00 GiB

Current LE 257

Segments 1

Allocation contiguous

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:1

[root@hk byrd]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name vg_cloud

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 2

Metadata Sequence No 9

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 2

Open LV 1

Max PV 0

Cur PV 2

Act PV 2

VG Size 24.50 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 6273

Alloc PE / Size 6273 / 24.50 GiB

Free PE / Size 0 / 0

VG UUID aCGg1q-jFG3-v3qC-1TY0-ELpR-o7o3-jxoZmz

[root@hk byrd]# vim /etc/fstab

[root@hk byrd]# swapon /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap

swapon: /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap: read swap header failed: 无效的参数

[root@hk byrd]# mkswap /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap

mkswap: /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap: warning: don't erase bootbits sectors

on whole disk. Use -f to force.

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1052668 KiB

no label, UUID=9664825a-ab76-488f-b7f3-fa95159dbaa1

[root@hk byrd]# swapon /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap

[root@hk byrd]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 497 196 301 0 7 126

-/+ buffers/cache: 62 435

Swap: 1027 0 1027

[root@hk byrd]# df -h

文件系统容量已用可用已用%% 挂载点

/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

9.4G 3.5G 5.5G 39% /

tmpfs 249M 0 249M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot

[root@hk byrd]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 497 196 301 0 7 126

-/+ buffers/cache: 62 435

Swap: 1027 0 1027

[root@hk byrd]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root to 6160384 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root is now 6160384 blocks long.

[root@hk byrd]# df -h\

> ^C

[root@hk byrd]# df -h

文件系统容量已用可用已用%% 挂载点

/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root

24G 3.5G 19G 16% /

tmpfs 249M 0 249M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot

[root@hk byrd]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 497 200 296 0 11 126

-/+ buffers/cache: 62 434

Swap: 1027 0 1027

[root@hk byrd]# watch -n 1 -d date

[root@hk byrd]#

SourceByrd's Weblog-https://note.t4x.org/system/fdisk-lvm-vgextend/

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